Sportinis kuras

Bendros diskusijos apie variklius ir ju tuninga.
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markoh
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Sportinis kuras

Post by markoh »

Kaip ir nebuvo diskusijos per4m forume apie sportini kura, jo nauda ir (ar) zala varikliui.
Ar gali buti Elf sportinis kuras naudojamas bene standartiniame N/A variklyje, kuriam gamintojo rekomenduojamas >RON95? kokios galimos pasekmes? ir pan?
Kokios nuomones del sio produkto? ar kas naudojo (naudojat)? atsiliepimai?
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Sharas
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Sharas »

Tu geriau paasikink, kodel manai, kad jis tau reikalingas, ir kokia manai nauda duotu? Jei stockinis variklis, tai ir kura "stockini" pili.
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markoh
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by markoh »

nuolatiniam naudojimui sutinku.,, cia daugiau del vienkartinio pobudzio veiksmo pvz prasukimo ant galios stendo ? kazi stumai nepradegtu ar dar kokios pasekmes? :mrgreen:
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extrem
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by extrem »

Vieni žmonės suko Astrą atmosferkę (raliui ruoštą) ant stendo ir su sport kuru ir su paprastu. Su sport prisidėjo ~1 AG :roll:
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edgaras1
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by edgaras1 »

y standartiny motora jokios prasmes.pirma pasiskaityk kam jis pilamas o tada suprasi kad jo tau nereik :)

Laimis
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Laimis »

Prasme butu nebent padidint suspaudima ir uzankstint degima. O i standartini varikli, tai prasmes nedaug.. Nezinau kaip su tais sportiniais kurais, bet su paprastu benzu gali buti net maziau galios, jei tarkim vietoj 92 rekomenduojamo pili koki 98 (didesnio oktano kuras leciau dega).
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wanadoo
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by wanadoo »

o taip teko isitikint ka reiskia benzinas masinai kuris jai nera tinkamas, amerikonas vabalas rijo 20 litru 95 o su 92 ir trauke geriau ir valge ape 13~ litru,aisku perreguliavus ta galima pataisyti
Gs430

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simioras
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by simioras »

kazkaip neitiketina :?
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brakusa
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by brakusa »

Taip pat didesnio okt. skaičiaus kuras ne visada lėčiau dega, tai nuo konkretaus kuro priklauso. Ralistai į turbo bolidus pila šį elf, nors grupės reikalavimai neleidžia modifikuot variklio, reiškia motoras kaip ir 98 tik pritaikytas, čia tokie pasvarstymai...

Klausimas toks būtų: kiek ~ag galima laimėti, variklį pritaikius sportiniam kurui(NA ir turbo)?

drAmber
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Joined: 25 Jul 2006, 08:18

Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by drAmber »

nugi nevažiuoja tie ralistai su standartiniu degimu ir turbo slėgiu. Rezultate gaunam kaip tik reikalingus aukšto oktano kuro deginimui parametrus

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Minde_Kei
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Minde_Kei »

brakusa wrote:Taip pat didesnio okt. skaičiaus kuras ne visada lėčiau dega, tai nuo konkretaus kuro priklauso. Ralistai į turbo bolidus pila šį elf, nors grupės reikalavimai neleidžia modifikuot variklio, reiškia motoras kaip ir 98 tik pritaikytas, čia tokie pasvarstymai...

Klausimas toks būtų: kiek ~ag galima laimėti, variklį pritaikius sportiniam kurui(NA ir turbo)?
tai pripilk i evo 8 98to, uzdek restriktoriu, pustelk 1,8bar su stock turba ir papasakok kas nutiko ;)
..

dolphin
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by dolphin »

Minde_Kei wrote: tai pripilk i evo 8 98to, uzdek restriktoriu, pustelk 1,8bar su stock turba ir papasakok kas nutiko ;)
Taip padarius dar neaisku, kas butu, prie tavo nurodymu as nuo saves dar prideciau N grupes ECU reflasha/pati ECU :D :D ten kaip ir pats, ko gero, matei, truputi kitoks degimas :wink:

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audriob
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by audriob »

markoh wrote:Kaip ir nebuvo diskusijos per4m forume apie sportini kura, jo nauda ir (ar) zala varikliui.
Ar gali buti Elf sportinis kuras naudojamas bene standartiniame N/A variklyje, kuriam gamintojo rekomenduojamas >RON95? kokios galimos pasekmes? ir pan?
Kokios nuomones del sio produkto? ar kas naudojo (naudojat)? atsiliepimai?
Bet buvo apie oktano itaka galiai. Ar sportinis skiriasi netik aukstu oktaniniu skaiciumi????
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xargentum
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by xargentum »

O gal kur nors yra tokio kuro kainos? Nes siam http://www.autotrade.lt/lt/produktu-sar ... is%20kuras tinklapi tik produktai..apie kainas neuzsimenama
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zhy
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by zhy »

ELF gamintojas lyg ir nėra nerimčiausias..
kuro tipai įvairūs, paskirtys taip pat, komponentuose skirtumai irgi matyt.

ATMO BOOST
Sportinis benzinas su švinu. Geriausiai tinka automobilių žiedinėms lenktynėms, ralio ir kroso varžyboms.RON: 105,4
Deguonis: 1%

ATMO RALLYE
Sportinis benzinas automobilių žiedinėms lenktynėms, raliui, krosui ir DRAG tipo varžyboms. RON: 100
Deguonis: 3,4%

klausimas: kuo vadovaujasi gamintojas nurodydamas kuro paskirtį?
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Niokas
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Niokas »

pasidomekit kas per daiktai: xylenas,toulenas,tetra-etil-svinas,metanolis,etanolis,galu gale nitrometanas,ka dyzeliuj daro bendzinas,zibalas,parafinas,ir nebereiks jokiu sportiniu gaivu :wink:
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fivefivefive
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by fivefivefive »

Niokas wrote:pasidomekit kas per daiktai: xylenas,toulenas,tetra-etil-svinas,metanolis,etanolis,galu gale nitrometanas,ka dyzeliuj daro bendzinas,zibalas,parafinas,ir nebereiks jokiu sportiniu gaivu :wink:
man idomu, kur tu dabar gautum tetraetilsvino? tetraetiltmetilbutilio gal ir eitu, bet tatraetilsvino nelabai.
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Niokas
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Niokas »

fivefivefive wrote:
Niokas wrote:pasidomekit kas per daiktai: xylenas,toulenas,tetra-etil-svinas,metanolis,etanolis,galu gale nitrometanas,ka dyzeliuj daro bendzinas,zibalas,parafinas,ir nebereiks jokiu sportiniu gaivu :wink:
man idomu, kur tu dabar gautum tetraetilsvino? tetraetiltmetilbutilio gal ir eitu, bet tatraetilsvino nelabai.
svino gal ir sunkiau gaut,bet spirito,touleno,xyleno tikrai nebeda gaut,metanoli achema anksciau darydavo(manau dabar taipogi), nitruchos pas aviamodelistus galima gaut,rimtesni klubai turi leidimus,rc modeliuku motorai jauciu irgi panasiu birzgalu vaziuoja,bet nesu tikras. reikia tik noro manau dabar visko galima gaut.
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donce
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by donce »

Niokas wrote:pasidomekit kas per daiktai: xylenas,toulenas,tetra-etil-svinas,metanolis,etanolis,galu gale nitrometanas,ka dyzeliuj daro bendzinas,zibalas,parafinas,ir nebereiks jokiu sportiniu gaivu :wink:
jei jau tu pats pasidomejai, tai negi butu sunku paimti ir parasyti trumpa anotacija? zinau, kad graziausiai atrodo kai viska isvardini ir pasakai - o as tai zinau. tam ir yra forumas, kad dalintis informacija kuria esame sukaupe.
as sutinku kad visada galima pasiieskoti informacijos ir paciam, neuzdavinejant klausimu, bet matyt jei visi taip darytu tai sitas forumas taip ir numirtu, nes i 99 % klausimu galima rasti atsakymus ieskant paciam...
BNV. 696 whk

Niokas
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Re: Sportinis kuras

Post by Niokas »

ko tu nori,kad is oro isburciau kokios gaivos su kiek busto kokiu degimu iki kiek abarotu kokiam motoruj ir t.t.:roll: ,as parasiau kas per daiktai,ka daro ir is kur gaut per google galima rast jai zinoma yra reikalas.

gerai cia biskis is mano "Maluniniko patarejo" folderio :mrgreen: daugiau susirask pats :wink:


Q: Will my car benefit from octane boosting?

A: Consumer organizations have effectively emphasized the larger markups that oil companies charge for high octane gasoline, implying that for most vehicles higher octane fuel is a complete waste of money. It has been quite a long time since the consumer alert was issued. Since then engine technology has evolved greatly, while people's perceptions generally have not.

Modern vehicles now use computerized engine management systems that can react to engine knock and retard ignition timing if low octane fuel is being used. Consequently cars are now being manufactured with very high compression ratios that appear to give good fuel economy and at the same time good performance. This combination does assume that fuel of adequate octane is being used.


Q: Why bother to boost octane at all since my engine can run just fine on lower octane fuel?

A: For a high compression engine to run on low octane fuel, the engine management system will need to retard the ignition timing to prevent preignition or pinging. Retarding the ignition timing means that the firing of the spark plug is delayed until a later moment in the compression stroke. It does not take much to see that a later onset of combustion means that the combustion is less complete, which in turn mean less power and poorer fuel economy. It is possible that the casual driver will still come out ahead in terms of saving money by using low octane fuel, but the retarded ignition advance also means a rougher running engine and a much duller throttle response. Thus octane boosting is not necessarily of interest to all motorists but rather the enthusiasts.

For turbocharged or supercharged engines, insufficient octane will also lead the engine management system to curtail the amount of boost which in turn defeats the purpose of these engines.


Q: How did you discover using toluene?

A: Someone came across a web page that described various DIY home brew octane booster formulas. One of which used toluene as its main ingredient. As a Formula 1 racing fan of many years, I recalled that toluene was used extensively in the turbo era in the 1980s by all the Formula 1 teams. The 1.5 liter turbocharged engines ran as much as 5 bars of boost (73 psi) in qualifying and 4 bars (59 psi) in the actual race. Power output exceeded 1500bhp, which translates into 1000bhp/liter, an astronomical figure.

A motorsports journalist, Ian Bamsey, was able to obtain Honda's cooperation for his book "McLaren Honda Turbo, a Technical Appraisal". The book documents the key role that the toluene fuel played in allowing these tiny engines to run so much turbo boost without detonation. The term "rocket fuel" originated from the Formula 1 fraternity as an affectionate nickname to describe its devastating potency. Thus I concluded that I should focus my research on using toluene for my octane boosting project.

Individuals with good long term memory will recall that when unleaded gasoline was first introduced, only low octane grades were available. While it is not entirely clear that high octane super unleaded gas came about as a result of the advances in fuel technology in Formula 1, there is every reason to suspect that this is indeed the case, since many of the major oil companies were involved in the escalating race to develop increasingly potent racing fuel during this era.


Q: Why do you think toluene is better than other types of octane boosters?

A: Several reasons:

Mindful of the evil reputation of octane boosters in general, toluene is a very safe choice because it is one of the main octane boosters used by oil companies in producing ordinary gasoline of all grades. Thus if toluene is indeed harmful to your engine as feared, your engine would have disintegrated long, long ago since ordinary pump gasoline can contain as much as 50% aromatic hydrocarbons.

Toluene is a pure hydrocarbon (C7H8). i.e. it contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. It belongs to a particular category of hydrocarbons called aromatic hydrocarbons. Complete combustion of toluene yields CO2 and H2O. This fact ensures that the entire emission control system such as the catalyst and oxygen sensor of your car is unaffected. There are no metallic compounds (lead, magnesium etc), no nitro compounds and no oxygen atoms in toluene. It is made up of exactly the same ingredients as ordinary gasoline. In fact it is one of the main ingredients of gasoline.

Toluene has a RON octane rating of 121 and a MON rating of 107, leading to a (R+M)/2 rating of 114. (R+M)/2 is how ordinary fuels are rated in the US. Note that toluene has a sensitivity rating of 121-107=14. This compares favorably with alcohols which have sensitivities in the 20-30 range. The more sensitive a fuel is the more its performance degrades under load. Toluene's low sensitivity means that it is an excellent fuel for a heavily loaded engine.

Toluene is denser than ordinary gasoline (0.87 g/mL vs. 0.72-0.74) and contains more energy per unit volume. Thus combustion of toluene leads to more energy being liberated and thus more power generated. This is in contrast to oxygenated octane boosters like ethanol or MTBE which contain less energy per unit volume compared to gasoline. The higher heating value of toluene also means that the exhaust gases contain more kinetic energy, which in turn means that there is more energy to drive turbocharger vanes. In practical terms this is experienced as a faster onset of turbo boost.

Chevron's published composition of 100 octane aviation fuel shows that toluene comprises up to 14% alone and is the predominant aromatic hydrocarbon. Unfortunately composition specifications for automotive gasoline is harder to pin down due to constantly changing requirements.

Chevron's web site also describes the problems of ethanol being used in gasoline.

MTBE was heavily touted as a clean additive several years ago, and became a key ingredient in reformulated gasoline that is sold in California. But recently new studies arose that showed that MTBE was far more toxic than previously imagined. Organizations such as oxybusters have formed around the country to eliminate the use of MTBE in gasoline and several states, including California have passed new laws to eventually outlaw MTBE.


Q: How much toluene should I use per tank of gas?

A: Octane ratings can be very easily calculated by simple averaging. For example, the tank of an Audi A4 1.8TQ is 15.6 gallons. Filling it with 14.6 gallons of 92 octane and 1 gallon of toluene (114 octane) will yield a fuel mix of:

(14.6 * 92) + (1 * 114) / 15.6 = 93.4

The Audi A4 1.8T is a good example of a car that has very high octane needs if it has been modified to produce more turbo boost. The base compression ratio of this car is a very high 9.5:1 and when an additional 1 bar (14.7 psi) of turbo boost is applied on top of it, the resulting effective compression ratio is way beyond what 92 or 93 octane fuel can ever hope to cope with. Most modified 1.8Ts running without octane enhancement are running with severely retarded ignition timing and boost.


Q: Will toluene damage my engine or other parts of my car?

A: A 5 or 10% increase in the aromatic content of gas will most likely be well within the refining specifications of gasoline defined by ASTM D4814, which specify an aromatic content of between 20% and 45%. What this means is that if the 92 octane gas that you started off with had an aromatic content of say 30% and you increased it by 10% to 40% you would still be left with a mix that meets the industry definition of gasoline. So the above question would amount to: "Will gasoline damage my engine or other parts of my car?"

Even in the unlikely event that the 92 octane gas has a aromatic content of 45% the resulting mix would still be within the bounds of gasoline sold in other countries.


Q: Isn't toluene an extremely toxic substance?

A: The common perception of toluene's toxicity far exceeds reality. Fortunately there is an ample body of information available that specifically addresses this question. Toluene is more toxic than gasoline but it is certainly not agent orange or cyanide. See the Agency for Toxic Substances link below in the reference section.

US Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Summary

US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

National priority list of toxic substances
Note that the ATSDR also rates gasoline as a hazardous substance.

Mobil's spec sheet for toluene even goes as far as saying that "Based on available toxicological information, it has been determined that this product poses no significant health risk when used and handled properly."


Q: Isn't toluene an active ingredient of TNT (trinitrotoluene) and is thus deadly?

A: In the same way that cotton wool is the base ingredient of nitrocellulose (guncotton) which in turn is the main ingredient in modern smokeless gunpowder. Using this reasoning one could conclude that cotton wool is a deadly substance. This question reflects a poor understanding of basic chemistry but unfortunately it has been asked often enough.


Q: How much does toluene cost, and where can I buy some?

A: $10/gallon in a one gallon can at a hardware store, about $6/gallon in a 5 gallon can from a chemical supply or paint store, or $3/gallon in a 55 gallon drum from a chemical supply warehouse.

A2: Experience of Charlie Smith in 2002. Sherwin Williams paint stores have it for $5.00 in a gallon can. They can order it in a 5 gallon can at $4.00 / gallon. They can order 55 gallon drums for about the same cost per gallon, but you have to have a dock unloading facility to get the drum(s) off of the delivery truck.


Q: Can I just dump in 100% toluene into the tank like the F1 racers? vroom vroom vroom

A: First of all, the F1 racers did not use 100% toluene, but 84%. The other 16% in their brew is n-heptane, which has an octane rating of zero. The reason for this strange combination is because the F1 rocket fuel was limited to the rules to being of 102 RON octane. The n-heptane is "filler" to make the fuel comply with the rules.

Because toluene is such an effective anti knock fuel it also means that it is more difficult to ignite at low temperatures. The Formula 1 cars that ran on 84% toluene needed to have hot radiator air diverted to heat its fuel tank to 70C to assist its vaporization. Thus too strong a concentration of toluene will lead to poor cold start and running characteristics. I recommend that the concentration of toluene used to not exceed what the engine is capable of utilizing. i.e. Experiment with small increases in concentration until you can no longer detect an improvement.


Q: Why not simply use racing gasoline or aviation fuel?

A1: Most types of aviation fuel have very high lead content, which would rule out cars equipped with catalytic converters. Most piston engined aircraft burn leaded fuel. Also aviation fuel has a very different hydrocarbon mix to optimize volatility properties at high altitude.

A2: Racing gasoline could be a much more convenient way to run high octane fuel compared to having to constantly mix in toluene with each fill up. There are, however a few caveats:


You don't know for sure if you are really getting what is being advertised. You should find out if the fuel inspectors verify the actual octane of the racing gasoline in addition to ordinary gasoline. If you paid $3/gallon and only got 94 or 95 octane instead of 100 octane you may conclude erroneously that your car does not benefit from octane boosting.

You don't know what octane boosters are used in the racing gasoline. The worst case scenario is buying leaded racing gasoline without knowing it. Unleaded racing gasoline may still contain damaging octane boosters like MMT or methanol. A very high alcohol content will lead to fuel line erosion, accelerated fuel pump wear, very poor fuel economy and possibly lower performance, as alcohols have a less impressive MON rating than aromatics.

It takes smaller quantities of toluene to achieve the same octane boost compared to 100 octane racing gas. I have not seen unleaded racing gas for sale that exceeds the octane rating of toluene.

Since toluene is not officially sold as a fuel, gas taxes do not apply. Also racing gasoline tend to have higher markups being of interest to the performance minded enthusiast and thus is very likely to be more expensive to buy and use long term than toluene, which is typically used in more mundane applications like paint thinner.

Q: Ok, what is the catch?

A: It should be mentioned that in the US, efforts are underway to reduce the aromatic content of gasolines in general as a higher aromatic content leads to higher benzene emissions. Benzene is an extremely toxic substance. However it should also be noted that the proportions that is being discussed in this FAQ is relatively small and in the grand scheme of things is probably insignificant. Moreover, the industrial standard for defining gasoline composition allows plenty of leeway in aromatic content and the proportions present in US gas is already lower than most other countries. I therefore feel that the information provided here is useful to a performance minded car enthusiast while not being significantly detrimental to the environment.



Formula #1 - Toulene
R+M/2.........114
Cost...........$2.50/gal
Mixtures with 92 Octane Premium
10%...........94.2 Octane
20%...........96.4 Octane
30%...........98.6 Octane
Notes: Common ingredient in Octane Boosters in a can. 12-16 ounces will
only raise octane 2-3 *points*, i.e. from 92 to 92.3. Often costs $3-5
for 12-16 ounces, when it can be purchased for less than $3/gal at
chemical supply houses or paint stores.


Formula #2 - Xylene
R+M/2.........117
Cost...........$2.75/gal
Mixtures with 92 Octane Premium
10%...........94.5 Octane
20%...........97.0 Octane
30%...........99.5 Octane
Notes: Similar to Toulene. 12-16 ounces will only raise octane 2-3
*points*, i.e. from 92 to 92.3. Usually mixed with Toulene and
advertised as *race formula*.


Formula #3 - Methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE)
R+M/2.........118
Cost...........$3.50/gal
Mixtures with 92 Octane Premium
10%...........94.6 Octane
20%...........97.2 Octane
30%...........99.8 Octane
Notes: Oxygenate. Very common in octane booster products. Has lower BTU
content than toulene or xylene, but oxygenate effect makes the gasoline
burn better and produce more energy.


Formula #4 - Methanol or Ethanol
R+M/2.........101
Cost...........$0.60 - $1.75/gal
Mixtures with 92 Octane Premium
10%...........94.3 Octane (Methanol)
10%...........94.7 Octane (Ethanol)
20%...........Not Recommended
Notes: Methanol is wood alcohol. Ethanol is grain alcohol and found in
Gasohol in 10% ratios. Both alcohols are mildly corrosive and will eat
gas tank linings, rubber and aluminum if used in excessive ratios. Main
ingredient in "Gas Dryers", combine with water.


Formula #5 -
Isopropyl Alcohol and Tertiary Butyl Alcohol
R+M/2.........101
Cost...........$0.60-$1.50/gal
Mixtures with 92 Octane Premium
10%...........94.5 Octane
20%...........Not Recommended
30%...........Not Recommended
Notes: Similar to Methanol/Ethanol. Isopropyl Alcohol is simply rubbing
alcohol. Sample Mixture To make your own octane booster, it is easiest
to make up a large batch, and then bottle it up in "dosage-size" uses.


Below is the basic formula of one of the popular octane booster products.
To make eight 16 ounce bottles (128 oz = 1 gal):
100 oz of toulene for octane boost
25 oz of mineral spirits (cleaning agent)
3 oz of transmission fluid (lubricating agent)
This product is advertised as "octane booster with cleaning agent *and*
lubricating agent!". Diesel fuel or kerosene can be substituted for
mineral spirits and light turbine oil can be substituted for
transmission fluid. Color can be added with petroleum dyes.



Nitrometanas-pasidaryk pats :mrgreen:



1. Procedura


Maishant i 500-u gramu (5.3 moliu) chloracto rugshties ir 500 gramu smulkinto
ledo mishini yra ipilama 40% natrio hidroksido tirpalo, tiek, kad,
sprendzhiant ish fenoftaleino spalvos, tirpalas butu silpnai sharminis. Jo
reikia mazhdaug 360 ml. Temperatura neturetu pakilti aukshciau 20° C (pastaba
nr. 1). Mishinys tada yra sumaishomas su 365 g. (5.3 moliais) natrio nitrito,
ishtirpinto 500 ml vandens ir pradedamas kaitinti triju litru apvaliadugneje
kolboje, kuri yra uzhkimshta su dvi skyles turinciu kamshteliu, per kuri
imerktas termometras i skysti ir nuvestas didelio skersmes lenktas vamzdelis,
prijunktas prie efektyvaus shaldytuvo (nukreipto i apacia, kad butu galima
distiliuoti). Receiver turi buti taip sutvarkytas, kad, jei prireiktu,
butu galima atvesinti vandeniu. Mishinys yra letai kaitinamas iki anglies
dioksido burbuliuku pasirodymo, kas ivyks, kai temperatura pasieks 80° C.
Kaitinamas tada yra nutraukiamas ir reakcijai leidzhiama vykti paciai (pastaba
nr. 2). Jei nepastebima temperaturos kilimo, labai atsargiai pakaitinama, kol
temperatura pakyla iki 85° C, tada kaitinimas vel nutraukiamas (pastaba nr.
3). Prie shios temperaturos egzoterminis natrio nitroacetato irimas tampa
toks greitas, kad temperatura pakyla iki beveik 100° C be jokio ishorinio
pakaitinimo. Jei bus kaitinama po to, kai temperatura pasieks 85° C, prades
vykti audringas putojimas ir bus prarandama daug nitrometano. Jei reakcija
pasidarys pernelyg greita, tai ja galima pristabdyti priglaudus dregna skudura
prie kolbos. Nitrometanas pradeda distiliuotis prie mazhdaug 90° C
temperaturos. Mishiniui staigiai kaistant ishsidistiliuoja mazhdaug 120 ml.
nitrometano kartu su 170 ml. vandens (pastaba nr. 4). Shis vanduo paliekamas
perdistiliavimui. Kai mishinys nebepalaiko savo temperaturos prie 95-100° C,
atsargiai yra pakaitinama, kol temperatura pasiekia 110° C. Ishsidistiliuoja
mazhdaug 13 ml. nitrometano ir 200 ml. vandens. Toliau distiliuojant gaunasi
vanduo, kuris turi per mazhai nitrometano, kad butu verta gryninti. Shiuo
metu jau speja ishsiskirti pakankamai daug natrio chlorido ir natrio
karbonato, kad trukdytu distiliuoti. Vanduo atskirtas nuo nitrometano
distiliatu yra sumaishomas su viena ketvirtaja jo mases druskos ir
perdistiliuojamas. Gaunama 10-12 ml. nitrometano ir apie 100 ml vandens. Shi
vandeni ishdistiliavus gaunama 3-4 ml. nitrometano ir apie 45 ml. vandens
(pastaba nr. 5). Bendra dregno produkto isheiga yra 125-135 g. Dzhiovinant su
trupuciu kalcio chlorido ir distiliuojant gaunama 115-125 g. gryno
nitrometano, turincio 98-101° C virimo temperatura (tai 35-38% nuo teorinio
kiekio). Truputis ishsidistiliuoja zhemesnej nei 98° C temperaturoje ir lieka
shiek tiek tamsiai rudu nuosedu (pastaba nr. 6).

2. Pastabos

1. Darant natrio chloracetata ir naudojant natrio hidroksida tai uzhtrunka
zhymiai mazhiau laiko nei naudojant natrio karbonata. Natrio hidroksido atveju
yra butina, kad reakcijos mishinys butu shaltas, nes kitu atveju gali
susidaryti natrio glikolatas. Jei norima panaudoti natrio karbonata, tai
reikes mazhdaug 300 g. bevandenes medzhiagos, kad tirpalas pasidarytu silpnai
bazinis.

2. Termometras, imerktas i skysti yra absoliuciai butinas, kadangi sintezes
sekmingumas priklauso nuo tinkamos temperaturos kontroles. Esminis visos
sintezes punktas yra nutraukti ishorini kaitinima kai tik bus gerai
prasidejusi reakcija. Tai ivyksta tarp 80 ir 85° C. Jei to bus laikomasi
nevyks jokio putojimo.

3. Vienas zhmogus gali dirbti su keliais tokiais distiliavimo rinkiniais, jei
kiekvienas ju bus pradedamas kaitinti, kai ankstesniam temperatura pasieks 85°
C ir bus nutraukiamas ishorinis kaitinimas. Susidarantys vandens sluoksniai
ish skirtingu distiliatoriu gali buti supilti i viena inda ir ishdistiliuojami
per viena karta.

4. Buvo rekomenduota[1], kad galima sujungti centrifuga su adapteriu,
kad nitrometanas atsiskirtu vos tik susikondensaves. Buvo suzhinota, kad toki
separatoriu naudoti nera patartina, nes nitrometanas yra tiek mazhai sunkesnis
uzh vandeni, kad greitas atskyrimas nera imanomas. Nitrometano lashai lieka
suspensijoje su vandeniu. Geriausia yra leisti distilatams pabuti cilindruose
bent 1.5 valandos priesh nitrometano atskyrima su dalijamuoju piltuveliu.
Tokio palaikymo metu kartais atsiskiria iki 2% daugiau nitrometano.

5. Jei svarbus dalykas yra sunaudotas laikas, tai reiktu pamineti, kad staigus
temperaturos pakilimas nuo 85° iki 100° C duoda tris ketvirtasias viso
nitrometano, kuris gaunamas sintezes metu. Tai trunka mazhiau nei valanda.
Tolimesnis kaitinimas virsh 100° C ir vandens sluoksniu distiliavimas uzhtruka
daugiau nei dvi valandas ir teduoda tik viena ketvirtaja bendros isheigos.

6. Buvo pasiulyta, kad isheiga pagereja kai 374 g. kristalines boro rugshties
yra idedama subsequent i natrio nitrita ir priesh kaitinima. Shiuo atveju
anglies dioksidas su shiek tiek azoto oksidu ishsiskiria prie 45° C. Didesnes
isheigos priezhastis - natrio karbonatas sunaikinimas boro rugshtimi, kas
neleidzhia vykti sharminei natrio chloracetato hidrolizei(C. L. Tseng, private
communication; [2]). Isheiga kazhkiek pagereja, kai naudojama 625 g. chloracto
rugshties ir apie 450 ml. 40% natrio hidroksido tirpalo vietoj cia nurodytu
atitinkamai 500g. ir 360 ml. proporciju (H. Adkins, private communication;
[2]).

3. Aptarimas

Nitrometanas galima pagaminti veikiant dimetil sulfata kalio nitritu[3] arba
metilo para-toluenosulfonata[4] ar metilo chlorida[5] natrio nitritu. Taip pat
galima gaminti ish kalio nitrito ir kalio chloracetato[2] arba, dar geriau, ish
atitinkamu natrio drusku[6]. Dabar rinkoje esantis nitrometanas yra garu
fazeje atlikto zhemesniuju angliavandeniliu nitrinimo produktas[7].
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